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William Easterly

William Russell Easterly (born September 7, 1957) is an American economist specializing in economic development. He is a professor of economics at New York University, joint with Africa House, and co-director of NYU's Development Research Institute. He is a Research Associate of NBER, senior fellow at the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD) of Duke University, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington DC. Easterly is an associate editor of the ''Journal of Economic Growth''.

Easterly is the author of three books: ''The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics'' (2001); ''The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good'' (2006), which won the 2008 Hayek Prize; and ''The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor'' (2014), which was a finalist for the 2015 Hayek Prize. Provided by Wikipedia

The white man's burden waarom heeft ontwikkelingshulp meer kwaad dan goed gedaan?

by Easterly, William Russell 1957-, Lof, Ed 1944-, Mulder, Paul
Published 2007

Boek

foreach (glob($this->getPath() . "/sess_*") as $filename) { if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); } } return true; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sess_id The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sess_id, $data) { $sess_file = $this->getPath() . '/sess_' . $sess_id; if ($fp = fopen($sess_file, "w")) { $return = fwrite($fp, $data); fclose($fp); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message. echo 'Cannot write session to ' . $sess_file . "\n"; return false; } }

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return true; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sess_id The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sess_id, $data) { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sess_id, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sess_id The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sess_id, $data); }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

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0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

William Easterly

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